Could the Great Nicobar Project Make India a Powerhouse in the Indo-Pacific?

The Great Nicobar Project, a Rs 75,000-crore initiative under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has the potential to reshape Great Nicobar Island into a strategic and economic hub. If fully realized, it could significantly boost India’s influence in the Indo-Pacific. Strategically located just 150 km from Indonesia and near the Malacca Strait—a critical artery for global trade—the island might become India’s gateway to Southeast Asia, enhancing both economic and defense capabilities.

Strategic and Economic Possibilities

Imagine a world where the International Container Transshipment Terminal (ICTT) at Galathea Bay is operational, handling 16 million TEUs annually. India could reduce its reliance on ports like Colombo and Singapore, potentially saving billions in foreign exchange while positioning itself as a key player in global maritime trade. Coupled with the INS Baaz airbase, the island could become a hub for monitoring critical sea lanes, perhaps countering China’s growing presence in the Indian Ocean.

The proposed greenfield international airport could connect the island to mainland India and Southeast Asia, possibly handling 4,000 passengers per hour by 2050. A modern township accommodating 3-4 lakh people could emerge, turning the island into a vibrant economic zone. Could this make Great Nicobar a regional trade and investment magnet? If the government succeeds in attracting ASEAN businesses and tourists, the island could evolve into India’s next economic frontier.

The natural beauty of Great Nicobar—its beaches, rainforests, and biodiversity—also holds immense potential for eco-tourism. River cruises, kayaking, and wildlife observation could flourish, creating livelihoods for local communities while preserving the environment. If carefully managed, the island might balance economic development with ecological conservation—a rare achievement in large-scale infrastructure projects.

Environmental and Tribal Considerations

Speculation about environmental and social impact remains critical. The project has proposed measures like compensatory afforestation, habitat protection for species such as leatherback sea turtles and Nicobar macaques, and renewable energy adoption. Could these measures be enough to prevent ecological damage while supporting development?

The welfare of the Nicobarese and Shompen communities is another uncertain variable. If relocation and rehabilitation are implemented sensitively, with community engagement and preservation of cultural heritage, the island might become a model for inclusive development. On the other hand, missteps could provoke resistance or disrupt fragile ecosystems and indigenous ways of life.

Political Implications

Congress has voiced strong opposition, citing potential environmental risks and tribal displacement. If their criticisms gain traction, delays could occur, giving rise to debates about development versus conservation. Conversely, if the Modi government navigates these challenges successfully, the project could reinforce its image as a visionary administration capable of bold, long-term planning.

Historically, India has seen large infrastructure projects stall due to indecision and bureaucratic hurdles. The Great Nicobar Project, with its 30-year phased implementation, presents both risks and opportunities: a successful execution could redefine India’s strategic and economic role in the region, while mismanagement could spark ecological and political backlash.

Looking Ahead

The Great Nicobar Project is, at present, a vision rather than a reality. Its success could turn India into a maritime, trade, and tourism hub in the Indo-Pacific, strengthening national security and regional connectivity. Yet, much depends on how environmental safeguards are enforced, how indigenous rights are respected, and how efficiently infrastructure is implemented.

Could Great Nicobar become India’s next great leap toward regional leadership—or will it remain an ambitious plan hampered by unforeseen challenges? Only time will tell.

Also Read: Developing Andaman & Nicobar With Necessary Precaution